The Kuznetsov equation relates the mean fragment size to the quantity of explosives needed to blast for a given volume of rock. The Kuznetsov equation is (2) k 50 = A ( V Q) 0.8 Q 1 / 6 where k50 is the average fragment in cm, A is a rock factor, V is the rock volume in m 3 broken per hole (burden × spacing × bench height), and Q is the …

Powder factor was plotted against each selected rock property and regression analysis was performed on test results to understand their standalone influence. The only realized best

Recent developments in smart mining technology have enabled the production, collection, and sharing of a large amount of data in real time. Therefore, research employing machine learning (ML) that utilizes these data is being actively conducted in the mining industry. In this study, we reviewed 109 research papers, …

This study uses a systematic literature review approach to the use of Data Mining with a focus on success factors. A keyword search yielded several CSF findings that had a major influence on ...

Quick, accurate powder factor measurement is essential for any mining project. The fragment size of the muck pile plays an immense role in productivity because heavy …

The literature review performed in this study aimed at having a representative sample of studies from the literature, describing the most frequent social impacts occurring in the mining sectors. Therefore, the search was conducted through both commonly used web research engines and academic interdisciplinary databases …

fume generation. The review of the literature indicates some motivation for not using stemming for pre-. split, trim, hot hole, and reactive ground blasting, provided the benefits associated with ...

The powder factor was determined locally by reference to similar bench blasting applications to the same minerals and rocks and the results were also compared with previous findings. Finally, a relationship between the Bond work index and the powder factor was established by the application of statistical and mathematical methods, taking …

DOI: 10.1016/J.PROEPS.2015.08.142 Corpus ID: 131234288; Study of the Powder Factor in Surface Bench Blasting @article{Fredj2015StudyOT, title={Study of the Powder Factor in Surface Bench Blasting}, author={Mohamed Fredj and Fredj Mohamed and A Hafsaoui and Korichi Talhi and Kamel Menacer}, journal={Procedia Earth and Planetary Science}, …

Shapiro (1988) also used a similar approach though used the term 'explodability' to describe the blastability of a rock mass based on powder factor, for underground excavation. The explodability (blastability) was assessed based on defining a reference powder factor (q ref (kg/m 3) and burden (B ref (cm)), associated with a …

MINING ENGINEERING BY MANMIT ROUT & CHINMAY KUMAR PARIDA ... CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 4-8 CHAPTER 3: DRILLING AND BLASTING IN LARGE OPENCAST MINES 3.1 Drilling. 3.2 Blasting ... Powder factor (desired), iii. Cost of explosive, iv. Numbers of holes required to blast.

According to above literature review, the rock mass conditions (non-controllable parameters) are the predominant control factors of over-excavation due to tunneling by drilling and blasting ...

The objectives of this study are, (1) To investigate the geology and geotechnical properties of the ore body, (2) To evaluate the feasible ore-body characteristics, geomechanical parameters, and ore recovery and powder factor, and (3) To establish the technically applicable mining method based on given criteria and …

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(PDF) Fragment Size Distribution in Blasting

WEBThis paper aims to review the various methods for powder factor estimation in both surface bench blasting and underground tunnel …

6. Conclusion. The SLR examined research trends in mining accidents issues between 2015 and 2019 and successfully developed four main themes. These consist of the main causes of accidents (46%), and the prevention (20%), challenges (17%) and impacts of post-mining accidents (17%).

review aims to discuss the various factors that influence the flowability of food powders and explore advancements in measuring methods, with a major focus on literature from the last 10 years. By providing a comprehensive perspective on measurement techniques and the intricate factors influencing flowability, the review aims …

Innovation plays a critical role in the mining industry as a tool to improve the efficiency of its processes, to reduce costs, but also to meet the increasing social and environmental concerns among communities and authorities. Technological progress has also been crucial to allow the exploitation of new deposits in more complex scenarios: …

In this model, the fragmentation is determined in terms of mass percentage, powder factor (applied blast energy per unit volume of rock) and mean fragment size: (5) X m = A q − 0.8 Q e 0.167 (115 E) 0.633 where X m is the mean fragment size (cm); A is the rock factor (illustrated in Table 1); Q e is the mass of explosives used in the hole (kg ...

Newman et al. (2010) conducted a comprehensive literature review on the applications of Operations Research (OR) techniques to mining planning and scheduling problems. Kozan and Liu (2011 ...

A new method has been developed for calculation of drilling-and-blasting operations parameters during mining with emulsion explosives application, which results in minimization of energy ...

The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy VOLUME 121 AUGUST 2021 415 Stemming and best practice in the mining industry: A literature review T.E. Oates1 and W. Spiteri1 Synopsis In 2015, after amendments to the explosives regulations, stemming became a mandatory activity for all South African mining …

The graph shows the changes in the impact factor of Journal of Powder Metallurgy and Mining and its the corresponding percentile for the sake of comparison with the entire literature. Impact Factor is the most common scientometric index, which is defined by the number of citations of papers in two preceding years divided by the number of papers …

This is because a powder factor of 1.1 may work for a bench that has a height 2.75 times the burden, but benches with a height less than this may require a higher powder factor to blast. Instead, because a …

Rock mass characterisation helps in selection and o ptimum usage of explosive in bench blasting. There are various methods to characterize the rock mass but use of Schmidt hamme r in rock characterization before blasting may be a good option. Schmidt hammer, since its simplicity and capability of inst ant data production, has so far …

In this light, the present study was conducted in opencast phosphate mines to see the effect of Schmidt hammer rebound number or transformed compressive strength of rocks on the powder factor. The correlation was found sufficiently reliable to enable the determination of an optimum powder factor for surface bench blast in different rock …

where A is the rock factor, Q e the mass of explosive loaded per borehole (kg), q the powder factor (kg of explosive/m 3 of rock), E the relative to ANFO weight strength of explosive (%), and n is the uniformity index.. There are several reasons to explain the discrepancies in the graphs. Kuznetsov's equation, as typically used …

Quick, accurate, and precise measurement of powder factor is thus essential in the blasting, mining, and material handling industries. It helps to evaluate the performance of different explosives, blast design, geometry parameters, and rock …

The higher the powder factor, the lighter the load. Lower powder factor means more explosives. Example: 1.5 tons = PF of 6.25lbs BURDEN-SPACING CALCULATION ... The economic analysis of the use of explosives is an important part of blasting operations in mining and construction. Explosives are energy, and the efficient use of this energy is a ...

Our systematic review of the literature demonstrates that research on the diffusion of innovation and technology adoption in the mining sector is a comparatively small, yet growing, research field. The analysis of previous literature suggests that there are ample opportunities for future research to contribute to this stream of literature and ...

Study of the Powder Factor in Surface Bench Blasting. December 2015. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15:892-899. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.08.142. License. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Authors: Mohamed ...

The experimental results show that the laser power is the main factor affecting the wear of the parts. The microstructure of the sample shows that the number of pores increases with the decrease of laser power. ... "Wear Performance of Metal Materials Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion: A Literature Review" Metals 10, no. 3: 304. https://doi ...

Powder factor is a critical factor in mining and blasting operations for several reasons. Firstly, it directly affects the efficiency of the blasting process. By …

In this paper, the various methods for powder factor estimation based on empirical and comminution theory modelling as well as machine learning approaches in …

• A literature review was conducted to identify classical references for mining method selection in response to action item #GS-3 (Resolution Geology/Subsidence Working Group Meeting 2/11/2020). • Selection of a feasible mining method requires the comparison of the characteristics of the deposit with those essential for different mining methods

Institute for Mining and Special Civil Engineering, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg 09599, Germany ... Powder factor PF ... The details of findings from literature review ...

Increased powder factor enhances good fragmentation but results in further environmental discomfort. Blast event 4 has the highest fragmentation efficiency of 46.53%, while 3 has the highest ...

Today, we still hold the same belief that powder factor is a useful tool for economic analysis but is a poor tool for the design of blasts because powder factor varies based on: rock type, rock structure, type …

Powder factor can be defined as the quantity of explosives (kg) required to break a unit volume or tonne (t) of rock. The prospect of excavating rocks by blasting is characterized by a specific consumption of explosives. In the past decades, researchers have come up with several precise approaches to predict powder factor or specific …

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