In the horizontal long axis images, the short septum and long lateral or "free" walls are well seen. The long axis images also show the apex very well. The effective half-life (T1/2), or 50% washout, of Tl …

With regards to echocardiography, this implies that the following planes are used: short axis, vertical long axis, and horizontal long axis. These …

Diagram of vertical long-axis (VLA, approximating the 2-chamber view), horizontal long-axis (HLA, approximating the 4-chamber view), and short-axis (SA) planes showing the name, location, and …

Horizontal long-axis (four-chamber) views are double oblique planes of the heart perpendicular to both the interventricular septum and AV planes. Vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views of the heart are …

c Horizontal long-axis plane. d Short-axis plane. e Four-chamber plane. Full size image. However, despite the aforementioned advantages, CMRI is still not a first-line study [1, 2]. It is often obtained when unanswered questions persist after other studies, such as echocardiography, radionuclide imaging, angiocardiography, or cardiothoracic …

Horizontal long axis aligned orthogonal to the vertical long axis, passing through the apex and center of the mitral valve. 4. Steady state free precession short axis cine images, from the mitral valve plane through the apex. The basal most short axis slice should be located immediately on the myocardial side of the atrioventricular junction at ...

Left Axis Deviation = QRS axis less than -30°. Right Axis Deviation = QRS axis greater than +90°. Extreme Axis Deviation = QRS axis between -90° and 180° (AKA "Northwest Axis"). Note that in paediatric ECG interpretation, the cardiac axis lies between +30 to +190 degrees at birth and moves leftward with age. CardiacAxis.

The bottom two rows are horizontal long axis (HLA) at stress and rest. Normal appearance of attenuation correction MPS In general, image appearance following attenuation correction is superior with regard to contrast and resolution. 12, 13 The right ventricle appears more prominent on corrected images but should not be confused with …

Horizontal long-axis—single slice: Short-axis stack* 4-chamber—single slice: Left ventricular outflow tract (3-chamber)—single slice: Optional: strain analysis: Black blood: Axial stack: Thickness, effusion: Optional: short-axis views—base, mid and apical slices (breath-hold) T2 short tau inversion recovery: Short-axis views—base, mid ...

Horizontal long-axis (four-chamber) views are double oblique planes of the heart perpendicular to both the interventricular septum and AV planes. Vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views of the heart are parallel to the interventricular septum plane and perpendicular to the AV plane (Fig. 12‑9). Taking above concepts into consideration, the ...

Objectives Automatic slice alignment is important for easier operation and shorter examination times in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. We propose a new automatic slice alignment method for six cardiac planes (short-axis, vertical long-axis, horizontal long-axis, 4-chamber, 2-chamber, and 3-chamber views). …

The left ventricular long axis view is a plane midway between the vertical and horizontal planes. The planes that are perpendicular to the long axis are called the short axis planes. Examples are the atrial, basal ventricular, midventricular, and apical ventricular short axis planes ( Fig. 1.3C ).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a horizontal long axis (HLA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plane aligned to the long axis of the right ventricular …

Acquiring the right horizontal long axis cine stack. A stack of parallel cine balanced steady-state free precession images (straight lines) is aligned parallel to the horizontal long axis of the ...

To work with horizontal and vertical ellipses in the coordinate plane, we consider two cases: those that are centered at the origin and those that are centered at a point other than the origin. ... Center at the origin, symmetric with respect to the x- and y-axes, focus at (3, 0), (3, 0), and major axis is twice as long as minor axis. 49 ...

horizontal long axis view or 4-chamber view (4ch) angulation: along the left ventricular long axis through the apex and the centers of the mitral and tricuspid valves; volume: including the anterior and inferior wall or a single slice; left ventricular vertical long axis or view 2-chamber view (2ch)

In the figures of this chapter, stress and rest myocardial perfusion images are displayed in alternate rows. The short-axis images (SA, top two rows) are displayed from apex to base (left to right), the horizontal long-axis imaging (HLA, middle two rows) are displayed from the inferior to the anterior wall (left to right), and the vertical long …

The standard cardiac planes are short-axis, four-chamber (horizontal long axis), and vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views. Additional commonly used cardiac planes include the right ventricular …

UCP3 genetic deletion increased infarct size after coronary artery ligation as compared to WT (44 ± 9% vs. 29 ± 7%, p < 0.005). Vertical long-axis, horizontal long-axis, and short-axis slices ...

This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design and Format tabs. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow in the box at the top, and then click Horizontal (Category) Axis. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click Format Selection. In the Format Axis pane, do any of the following:

It is well established that parts of the hippocampal transverse axis – which extends from the middle (medial) to the edge (lateral) of the brain – are connected to nearby parts of the cortex involved in cognition. However, Dalton et al. found that more distant cortical regions also anatomically connect to distinct regions along the long ...

A, Balanced steady-state free precession MR images are obtained in standard cardiac planes: short-axis (A), four-chamber and horizontal long-axis (B), two-chamber and vertical long-axis (C), and …

The straight line on the horizontal long axis images (a and c) depicts the location of the corresponding basilar short-axis image in diastole (c) and at the same location with the ventricle in systole (d). Example illustrates the apical displacement of the tricuspid valve plane with systole (d) and the thin wall of the right ventricle that can ...

the axial plane (transverse or transaxial plane): horizontal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the body. divides the body into superior and inferior parts. the sagittal plane: vertical plane parallel to the median plane (or midsagittal plane) divides the body into right half and left halves

The short-axis, horizontal, and vertical long-axis images are obtained at 90 degrees to the long axis of the LV (plane through the apex and center of the mitral valve [MV]). Although CT images are obtained perpendicular to the long axis of body, four-chamber, three-chamber, and two-chamber planes can be reconstructed from volumetric …

a Guide for adjusting imaging planes from the CT standard planes to the standard cardiac planes [i.e., short axis (white line), orthographic long axis (blue lines), and horizontal long axis view (orange lines)]. b Guide for adjusting imaging planes from the standard cardiac planes to the "three- and four-chamber view."

The standard cardiac planes are established using the scout images and include short axis, horizontal long axis (four-chamber view), and vertical long axis (two-chamber view) . These planes are prescribed along a line …