Copper is widely used in industries including construction, electricity, and communication due to its good ductility, and electric and thermal conductivity [].Low-grade copper sulfide ores, one of the main copper-bearing ores, accounts for great proportion of copper reserves [].With the increasing copper demand and continuous exhaustion of …

Metallic sulfide mining — also known as hard rock mining — involves extracting valuable metals, like copper or zinc, from sulfide ores, which are rocks and sediments that contain minerals bonded with sulfur ions. To reach these ores, miners deplete the area's groundwater by pumping it out and then excavate the site using drilling and ...

Production of Ni/Co from sulphide ores has its challenges that are fundamentally related to the mineralogy of this type of ores. 2.1 Mineralogy of Nickel-Copper Sulphide Ores. Studies on the geology and mineralogy of domestic nickel-copper sulphide ore deposits are reported in several sources in detail [16,17,18,19]. Although …

Pyrite is the dominant sulfide in porphyry copper deposits, though it is chalcopyrite that is the most important ore mineral, along with bornite and various binary copper sulfides. ... sphalerite and galena are found in predominantly sedimentary sequences. Sulfide ores in volcano-sedimentary sequences, such as those associated …

The results of investigation of metamorphosed sulfide–magnetite ores from the Mauk deposit located within the Main Ural Fault at the junction of Tagil and Magnitogorsk massive sulfide zones are ...

Sulphide copper ores are considered easy to treat provided that t he main copper mineral is chalcopyrite [7]. However, in case the ore contains secondary copper minerals, such as chalcocite ...

Therefore, differentiating between hypogene and supergene sulfide minerals in porphyry copper ores is crucial for resource estimation, downstream mineral processing and metallurgical extraction, as well as accurate assessment of potential environmental impacts. Our goal is to develop a cost-effective sulfide quantification alternative that ...

To recover copper and molybdenum from their porphyry sulfide ores, several process flowsheets are applied, and two of them are shown in Fig. 1.[23, 24] As illustrated in Fig. 1 (a), [23, 25] the two-stage flotation flowsheet is the most widely adopted.In the first stage, copper and molybdenum sulfide concentrates are recovered …

Flotation is a common mineral processing method used to upgrade copper sulfide ores; in this method, copper sulfide mineral particles are concentrated in froth, and associated gangue minerals are ...

Copper is usually found in nature in association with sulfur. Pure copper metal is generally produced from a multistage process, beginning with the mining and concentrating of low-grade ores containing copper sulfide minerals, and followed by smelting and electrolytic refining to produce a pure copper cathode.

Copper (Cu) ore is a naturally occurring mineral deposit that contains copper in varying concentrations. It is an important industrial metal that has been used by human civilizations for thousands of years due to …

Froth flotation is widely used for concentration of base metal sulphide minerals in complex ores. One of the major challenges faced by flotation of these ores is the ever varying grade and mineralogy.

In the treatment of massive sulfide copper–zinc ores, the reagent scheme and flowsheet varies by region, where in various plants around the world different techniques are developed. For example, in Russian operations, a bulk flotation method is practiced. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in the improvement of ...

Metal ores are generally oxides, sulfides, silicates (Table 12.3.1 12.3. 1) or "native" metals (such as native copper) that are not commonly concentrated in the Earth's crust, or "noble" metals (not usually forming compounds) such as gold (Figure 12.3.1 12.3. 1 ). The ores must be processed to extract the metals of interest from the waste rock ...

If sulfide ores containing iron and copper are to be smelted, an understanding of both the iron and the copper systems is needed. Again, as in Figure 2.1.3 for the Cu–S–O system, the calculations are limited to oxidation by industrial oxygen so that the pressure of SO 2 will be about 1 atm., except where oxygen pressure is appreciable near ...

Oxide ores are generally processed using hydrometallurgy. This process uses aqueous (water-based) solutions to extract and purify copper from copper oxide ores at ordinary temperatures, usually in three steps: heap leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning. Heap Leachingis the process of using percolating …See more on superfund.arizona.edu

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Copper Sulfide

WEBCopper sulfide ores must be concentrated before they can be economically transported and smelted. The universal technique for this concentration is froth flotation of finely …

The common route for turning copper sulfide ores into metal is high temperature oxidation of sulfides to produce an impure liquid copper. This is cast into slab-like anodes. …

The copper concentrates from sulfide ores are usually produced by flotation and then processed by pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods to extract the copper [3,9,10]. Froth flotation is widely used to separate sulfide minerals from gangue minerals such as quartz (SiO 2 ), based on the surface properties of minerals.

The traditional route for extracting copper from sulfide ores is smelting. Yet there is a growing case for leaching sulfides from lower grade ore bodies and especially for those ore bodies containing …

There are two main copper ore types of interest, copper oxide ores and copper sulfide ores. Both ore types can be economically mined, however, the most …

This study was prompted by the disparate recoveries of nickel (>. 70%) and copper (< 20%) from a test heap of copper–nickel sulfide ore after about 200 days of leaching. Variables tested in bioleaching columns charged with a pyrrhotite-rich, chalcopyrite and pentlandite ore were acid pre-conditioning, inoculation and aeration.

In order to evaluate copper recovery and iron dissolution from Zijinshan copper ores under biotic condition, column bioleaching tests were carried out to simulate bio-heap leaching in fourteen Pentatrico Peptide Repeats (PPR) columns (200 mm diameter, 2000 mm high) equipped with electric heating blankets. A thermistor was …

Copper sulfide ores are typically the most profitable copper ore type to mine. That is because they have high copper content, and the copper in them can more easily be separated from...

The same is done by heterotrophic microorganisms in non-sulfide ores. Additionally, for gold and copper extractions, bioleaching is used to extract cobalt, zinc, nickel, and uranium from low-grade ores and industrial effluents. In this review, the fundamental process of bioleaching from low-grade metal sulfide ores are discussed …

The amount of copper in copper sand-stones and slates varies from 1 to 6%, in sulfide cop-per-nickel ores from 1.1 to 4.9%, in copper-pyrite ores from 0.1 to 3%, and in copper …

Copper sulfide ore, which accounts for 80% of the copper resource, is the major source for the metallic copper [1]. The major copper sulfide ores contain chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ), …

Low grade copper sulfide ores are obtained from a copper mine, Fujian Province, China, which contain 0.04% free copper oxide, 0.06% primary copper sulfide, 0.64% secondary copper sulfide and 0.01% combined copper oxide. The Cu grade is 0.75%, and most copper are found in chalcopyrite, enargite and chalcocite according to …

However, copper oxide ores tend to have the characteristics of strong surface hydrophilicity, high combination rate, fine particle size, serious mud problems, and complex mineral composition [8], [9]. Therefore, it is difficult to recover copper oxide resources efficiently by conventional copper sulfide ore separation method.

Many important metals are present in nature combined with sulfur as metal sulfides; these include cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, molybdenum, nickel, silver, and zinc. In addition, gold and platinum group metals are …

The ore could be considered as typical cobalt-rich copper sulfide ores. Subsequently, the feasibility of the process was verified by thermodynamic calculation and by conducting a series of experiments. Under optimal conditions, the extraction of cobalt and copper reached 86.2 and 95.9 pct, respectively.

The grown conditions of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were investigated, and then experiments were conducted to research the bioleaching behaviors of crude ore of copper sulfide and hand-picked concentrates of chalcopyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus …

The most successful copper heap leaching operations have been those processing copper oxides and secondary copper sulphides (Table 1).Chalcocite (Cu 2 S) is the main copper sulphide mineral mined at bioleaching operations. Some of the chalcocite heap operations began as oxide (chemical) leach operations and were converted to …

The authors describe the opportunities of low-grade sulfide ores and mine waste processing with heap and bacterial leaching methods. By the example of gold and silver ores, we analyzed specific issues and processing technologies for heap leaching intensification in severe climatic conditions. The paper presents perspectives for heap …

Abstract. The oxidation-induced alteration of properties of sulfide minerals is analyzed. The air-and-gas content and thermodynamic parameters of mine air are experimentally investigated as a case-study of blind roadways in sulfide deposits at a depth of 300–1500 m. The microclimate conditions of sulfide ore oxidation are determined and …

Ester-modified xanthates have been used, with some success, to treat gold-containing oxide copper ores, using a sulphidization method. ... 2 − + F e 2 + Typically, in the case of sulphide ores, following pre-oxidation treatment with bio-oxidation or pressure oxidation, a high amount of Fe(III) ion can be found in the slurry, which can enhance ...

Sulphide ores of copper are insoluble in dilute sulphuric acid leaching solutions, but a very high extraction can be obtained if the copper ore is in the oxidized condition. The problem is to convert the sulphide into the oxide form. This can be done by giving the sulphide ore an oxidizing-sulphatizing roast.

Manufacturing Process of Copper. Copper processing is a complex process that involves many steps as the manufacturer processes the ore from its raw, mined state into a purified form for use in many industries. Copper is typically extracted from oxide and sulfide ores that contain between 0.5 and 2.0% copper.

Nickel sulfide ores are broadly classified into the following categories: massive sulfide ore, matrix ore (also termed net-textured ore) ... Flotation practice in Russia and Canada differs from Western Australia where the deposits tend to be massive copper-nickel sulfide ores. In these ores, pyrrhotite is the major gangue mineral and …