The dosage of aluminum and iron coagulants has an impact on the coagula-tion process as measured by the extent of removing particles that cause water turbidity. It was reported that the relationship between coagulant dosage and the coagulation process had been divided into four zones that start from the low-dosage zone and increasing the …

@article{Bachand2019AluminumAI, title={Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ removal of dissolved organic carbon, disinfection byproducts, mercury and other constituents from agricultural drain water}, author={Sandra Bachand and Tamara E.C. Kraus and Dylan Stern and Yan Ling Liang and William R. Horwath and …

According to the experimental results presented in this work, the coagulation-flocculation process was assessed economically using iron- and aluminum-based coagulants. Most critical operating parameters (chemicals consumption, mixing costs, and coagulated sludge disposal costs in a landfill) were used to estimate the costs associated …

The aluminum coagulants include aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium aluminate. The iron coagulants include ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and …

Major components of WTR are soil separates, organic materials, and Al and Fe hydrous metal (hydr)oxides, depending on the metal salt used for coagulation. Alum [Al 2 (SO 4 )3 × 14H 2 O] is the most commonly used coagulant in the United States and Canada (Elliott et al., 1990); the iron salts FeCl 3 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 are also used …

The superiority of aluminum or iron coagulation under proper dosages on NF fouling alleviation during filtration of groundwater or wastewater has been reported [53, 54]. As presented in Fig. 8a, c ...

titative explanation of coagulation with aluminum or iron salts. Earlier research suggested several mechanisms for explaining particle de-stabilization by aluminum or iron salts in …

Among these processes, the coagulation-flocculation process with metal salts used in LLMCs treatment (as pre or post-treatment) is a process whose phenomenon is well-known, easily applicable, and economical compared to other processes (Chen et al., 2019; Keyikoglu et al., 2021; Long et al., 2017). .

Coagulation with iron and aluminium salts in the presence of polyelectrolytes followed by a filtration, adsorption onto different types of solids (activated alumina, activated carbon, activated bauxite, and clay minerals), ion-exchange and membrane technologies (mainly reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis) are among the …

The conventional coagulation–flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. ... Aluminum, iron, and other metals are nonbiodegradable ; thus, sludge that …

Although aluminum- and iron-based chemicals have been broadly used as the two most common types of coagulants for wastewater treatment, their impacts on the performance of downstream sludge management can be quite different and have not been well understood. This work reviewed and analyzed their sim …

However, the coagulation performance and interaction mechanism for HA removal by using this novel covalent bond aluminum-iron-polyacrylamide coagulant were not clear and need to be further studied. Some studies had proposed the matching mechanism based on HA functional groups and metal salt coagulants hydrolyzed …

In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl(3)), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties.

Mean iron concentrations in the NF feed after the ferric chloride coagulation and MF pretreatments in Runs 4 and 5 were 10 and 18 μg/L, respectively, and the aluminum concentration in the NF feeds was less than 2 μg/L. The percentage rejection of iron by NF was 60–90%, which was not as high as that of aluminum.

In the present study, the required dosage for 90% MP removal at pH 7.3 was 0.37 mmol/L for iron and 0.16 mmol/L for aluminum. Perren et al. (2018) also reported a high removal of 99.2% with electrocoagulation with iron electrodes (pH 7.5), but their study was conducted with relatively large PE MPs over 300 µm in diameter.

Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ removal of dissolved organic carbon, disinfection byproducts, mercury and other constituents from agricultural drain water. …

Aluminum, iron, or mild steel and magnesium are used for the EC process. ... (OP) during coagulation was investigated. Aluminum and iron electrodes provided high rates of OP removal compared to magnesium. The authors reported that the estimated molar ratio of metal dosed to OP removed was determined to be approximately 1.3 for aluminum ...

Learn the basics of Coagulation Chemistry. This video is an excerpt from the American Water College Water Treatment Exam Review course. After a quick overview we look at the different types of coagulants. There are three kinds of coagulants. Namely: Trivalent, Bivalent and Monovalent. Trivalent Coagulants include: Aluminum Iron …

We compared four coagulation approaches (conventional alum and FeCl 3 coagulation and aluminum and iron electrocoagulation) in terms of their ability to remove/inactivate an enveloped virus surrogate …

Poly aluminum-ferric Chloride (PAFC) is a new type of high efficiency coagulant. In this study, high iron type gangue is used as a main raw material. It is calcined at 675 °C for 1 h and 3% CaF2 is added to the …

The difference between electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation is mainly in the way of which aluminum or iron ions are delivered (Zhu et al. 2005; Avsar et al. 2007). Electrocoagulation is a process consisting of creating metallic hydroxide flocks within the water by electrodissolution of the soluble anodes, usually made of iron or …

In any case, even though chemical coagulation with alum and iron salts have been shown to remove various physical, organic, and inorganic constituents of oil-field wastewaters (Pourrezaei et al., 2011, Rosenblum et al., 2016), their ability to remove boron from saline flowback/produced waters is yet to be rigorously and systematically evaluated.

It is well known that it is the hydrolysis products of aluminium or iron, rather than the trivalent ions, that play a decisive role in coagulation 13. Therefore, a microscopic, molecular-scale ...

Chemical treatment as a rule means addition of chemicals. Such chemicals are usually inorganic (such as iron or aluminum salts) or organic (such as cationic, anionic, and non-ionic polymers). These chemicals cause precipitation and/or aggregation (i.e., coagulation and flocculation) of the suspended phase in the wastewater system under ...

The coagulation behavior of aluminum salts in a eutrophic source water was investigated from the viewpoint of Al(III) hydrolysis species transformation. Particular emphasis was paid to the coagulation effect of Al13 species on removing particles and organic matter. The coagulation behavior of Al coagulants with different basicities was …

The most common coagulants used during the coagulation–flocculation process are hydrolyzing metal salts of aluminum and iron such as AlCl 3, Al 2 (SO 4) 3, FeCl 3, and Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 [9], [10]. Their major drawbacks are that the coagulant species form rapidly during dilution, and the formation of hydrolysis species cannot be controlled.

In this study, a centrate stream was treated with lanthanides through coagulation. The study also established comparative performance between lanthanides and other commonly used coagulants, like FeCl 3, Al 2 ... This rank strongly favors the formation of aluminum and iron hydroxides, more so than lanthanum and cerium …

Abstract. In this work, the electrocoagulation process using aluminum and iron electrodes has been used to treat synthetic wastewaters polluted with three different types of pollutant models ...

Also, the iron and aluminum hydroxide flocs increase volume requirements for the disposal of settled sludge. With aluminum sulfate, optimum coagulation efficiency and minimum floc solubility normally occur at pH 6.0 to 7.0. Iron coagulants can be used successfully over the much broader pH range of 5.0 to 11.0.

Aluminium (both soluble and particulate) in surface waters is readily removed by coagulation using aluminium or iron coagulants in the pH range 6.5–7.2. In the presence of manganese, aluminium is first removed by coagulation and filtration (with or without …

The optimal pH range of aluminum sulfate is between 5 and 7.5, which means the coagulant performs at its best in slightly acidic or neutral solutions. Ferric chloride may be a better option for coagulation below this level of pH, while ferrous sulfate may be suitable for the treatment of more alkaline water. Sodium aluminate.

According to the PCN model, coagulation with aluminium or iron salts involves three steps: 1. Destabilisation begins after addition of a dose of coagulant that exceeds the operational solubility limit of aluminium (or iron) hydroxide. 2. Aluminium or iron hydroxide species are then deposited onto colloidal surfaces, as shown in Fig. 4. …

Arsenic Removal by Coagulation With Aluminum, Iron, Titanium, and Zirconium. Divagar Lakshmanan, Divagar Lakshmanan. Search for more papers by this author ... at all three pH values, and …

Compared with the single aluminum salt and iron salt coagulants, the polyaluminum ferric chloride composite coagulant combined the advantages of …

Iron-based coagulants (ferric chloride and ferric sulfate) and aluminum-based coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum …

Both ferric and aluminum salts show good coagulation and complex-forming ability in relation to water-dissolved organic matter. The aim of this study was to characterize the reactions of aluminum ...

Another report focused on MPs separation through coagulation (aluminum and iron) and ultrafiltration for PE removal during drinking water treatment (Ma et al., 2019b). Their findings suggest that aluminum-based salts performed well for PE separation, and the removal efficiency was decreased below 40% at a high concentration (15 mM) while …

The coagulation process involves adding iron or aluminum salts, such as aluminum sulphate, ferric sulphate, ferric chloride or polymers, to the water. These chemicals are called coagulants, and have a positive charge. The positive charge of the coagulant neutralizes the negative charge of dissolved and suspended particles in the …

Both coagulation treatments removed over 70% DOC from source waters, resulting in removal efficiencies (mg-DOC removed per mg-metal dosed) of 1 under Al dosing and 0.5 under Fe dosing. Coagulation by both treatments preferentially removed UV254 active compounds compared to the bulk DOC concentration, suggesting …