The influence of porosity of ammonium perchlorate (AP) on the thermomechanical and thermal properties of the AP/polyvinylchloride (PVC) composite propellants. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;116(1):279–86. Article CAS Google Scholar Sovizi MR, Fakhrpour G, Madram AR. Comparison of thermal degradation behavior of …

Section snippets Phase transition. Ammonium perchlorate is a white crystalline substance. Two most important crystal modifications of ammonium perchlorate are: orthorhombic (region of existence: T < 240 °C) (Fig. 1) and cubic one, which is stable at temperatures T . > 240 °C. Heat of phase transition of ammonium perchlorate from …

The chemical formula for ammonium perchlorate, NH 4 ClO 4, indicates that it is composed of ammonium ions (NH 4+) and perchlorate ions (ClO 4– ). It is an inorganic compound that is odorless and colorless, appearing as a white crystal at room temperature. Its molar mass is approximately 117.49 g/mol. Solubility: Ammonium perchlorate is …

The excellent thermal decomposition efficiency of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is of great importance for obtaining propellant with fast specific impulse. In this study, four CuMxOy catalysts, including M = Fe, Ni, Co, and Zn, were synthesized and then used for catalyzing AP decomposition and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based …

Therefore, a successful attempt has been made to prepare nano-ammonium perchlorate using a nonaqueous method by dissolving ammonium perchlorate (AP) in …

Perchlorate (ClO 4−) is a soluble anion that consists of a central chlorine atom surrounded by a tetrahedral array of four oxygen atoms. It is known to affect the function of the thyroid gland ...

pulverization of ammonium perchlorate. ... the ammonium perchlorate-based HES 5808. 7 propellant generally yield pressures of approximately 1000 psi at 21' C. In addition, it is required that the ignition delay of each car-tridge should not exceed 65 milliseconds. This value is defined as the time between firing of the primer and the beginning of a

Ammonium perchlorate is an important oxidizer in solid rocket propellants, underwater explosives and pyrotechnics. The crystal quality of ammonium perchlorate has an important impact on its ...

Ammonium Perchlorate Element Mass Percent Oxygen 63.9976g Oxygen 63.9976g Chlorine 35.453g Chlorine 35.453g Nitrogen 14.0067g Nitrogen 14.0067g Hydrogen 4.0318g Hydrogen 4.0318g NH4ClO4 # of Atoms Hydrogen 4 Hydrogen 4 Oxygen 4 Oxygen 4 Nitrogen 1 Nitrogen 1 Chlorine 1 Chlorine 1. 🛠️ Calculate Molar Mass.

pulverization of ammonium perchlorate T09:04:52+00:00 pulverization of ammonium perchlorate 1 Introduction Ammonium perchlorate (AP), NH 4 ClO 4, which is one of the most commonly used solid propellant oxidizers, is a strong oxidizing substanceIt readily reacts with reductive substances, decomposing and releasing a large amount of …

[7] Jain Sunil et al 2009 Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant Defence Science Journal 59 205-214 Google Scholar [8] Lee Hong Woon, Song Sinae and Kim Hee Taik 2019 Improvement of pulverization efficiency for micro-sized particles grinding by uncooled high-temperature …

Sphericity and size optimization of ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles in cooling crystallization process (CCP) based on the Taguchi method: separately and …

In this present article, we reported a facile and efficient milling method to prepare a series of CuO/PbO nanocomposite metal oxides (CuO/PbO NMOs), with CuO/PbO molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25 as a potential catalyst to catalyze the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The obtained CuO/PbO NMOs …

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate (AN) are the most commonly used oxidizers applied in solid propellants [1–3]. In addition to their use in propellants, AP and AN are also employed ... by an air jet pulverization method, and then the fine particles were further pulverized by a mechanical milling method to obtain superfine ...

Ammonium perchlorate (AP), the workhorse of oxidizers in solid rocket and missile propellants, exhibits various environmental issues resulting from the release of perchlorate into ground water, which have been directly linked to thyroid cancer. Furthermore, the generation of hydrochloric acid causes the depl 2017 Green Chemistry Hot Articles

1. Introduction. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most widely used oxidants for composite solid propellants. Its thermal decomposition directly influences the composite solid propellant's combustion performance [1], [2], [3].AP is a highly stable ionic compound and undergoes decomposition in two steps i.e., low-temperature decomposition stage …

Holding the scoop firmly, tap the handle three times with a spatula, two or three inches from the sample. Hold the spatula perpendicular to the top of the scoop and strike off the excess soil (Peck, 1988). If weight basis results are needed, empty the scoop contents into a tared weighing vessel and record the weight.

Introduction. Ammonium perchlorate, NH 4 ClO 4, a colorless solid, 1 is orthorhombic crystalline in structure. Ammonium perchlorate is soluble in both water and methanol, but has limited solubility in ethanol and acetone. 2 The CAS Registry number is . 3 Its molecular weight is 117.49. 2 Ammonium perchlorate is used largely in …

102 H. Ma et al.|Biological treatment of ammonium perchlorate-contaminated wastewater Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination |06.1 |2016. reduction occurs throughout the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 ...

Ammonium perchlorate. Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO4. It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer. Combined with a fuel, it can be used as a rocket propellant called ammonium perchlorate composite propellant.

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a chemical compound with the formula NH4ClO4. It is the salt of ammonia and perchloric acid. Like other perchlorates, it is a powerful oxidizer. It is produced by reaction between …

The surface modified AP were elaborated as follows: Ammonium perchlorate was firstly dried at 80 °C for 4 h. The mixtures of AP-nFe 2 O 3 (97 : 3) and AP–NC–nFe 2 O 3 (97 : 1.5: 1.5) were prepared by the spray drying method, which allows the control of several parameters such as the quantity and concentration of the spray as …

To get to integer coefficients we multiply all variable by 2. a = 2. b = 1. c = 1. d = 2. e = 4. Now we substitute the variables in the original equations with the values obtained by solving the linear algebra system and arrive at the fully balanced equation: 2 NH 4 ClO 4 = N 2 + Cl 2 + 2 O 2 + 4 H 2 O.

Perchlorate may occur naturally, particularly in arid regions such as the southwestern United States and is found as an impurity in hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water treatment and in nitrate salts used to produce nitrate fertilizers, explosives, and other products. In 2011, EPA issued a determination to regulate perchlorate in ...

Ammonium perchlorate is an important oxidizer in solid rocket propellants, underwater explosives and pyrotechnics. The crystal quality of ammonium perchlorate has an important impact on its application in these fields. In this work, a dropwise cooling crystallization method was proposed to crystallize ammoni

Ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4, AP) has been widely used in propellants and polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) due to its high oxygen content, high density, large amounts of gas generation, simple ...

Three cocrystals of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with a series of crown ethers have been prepared successfully through the solvent/antisolvent method, including 18-crown-6 (18C6), benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), and dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6). Crystal structures of the three cocrystals characterized by single crysta

Ammonium perchlorate should be stored in a closed container in a dry, cool, ventilated area, as close as practical to the workplace in which it will be used. 1. Reactivities and Incompatibilities. Because ammonium perchlorate is a solid oxidizer, keep away from acids, alkalis, reducing agents, and combustibles. 1. Exposure controls Sampling and ...

Abstract. Nanometer (nano) ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate (AN) were prepared with 2D network structures by the ultra-low temperature spray …

Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to study the influence of different operating parameters, viz., effect of mill speed, classifier …