A combination of petrographic observations, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and statistical data exploration was used in this study to determine compositional variations in hydrothermal and igneous magnetite from five porphyry Cu–Mo and skarn deposits in the southwestern United States, and …

The magnetite thermometry data agree with δ 56 Fe and δ 18 O stable isotope data for magnetite in several IOA deposits in Chile that are consistent with …

The Mesozoic magnetite-(apatite) deposits of the Coastal Cordillera of Chile are interpreted as the product of the crystallization of oxidized iron-rich melts and subsequent hydrothermal alteration produced by related magmatic-hydrothermal systems. These deposits form a regional-scale mineral system controlled by the Atacama Fault …

63 Citations. Explore all metrics. Abstract. Interpretation of the mineralizing environment of magnetite-apatite deposits remains controversial with theories that …

magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits Dorota K. Pietruszka 1, John M. Hanchar 1, Fernando Tornos 1,2, ... El Laco deposit, Chile. RVA—recent volcanic arc. b Geological map of El Laco

The synergistic corrosion effect of microorganisms and deposits on carbon steel corrosion was assessed with magnetite and sand. In the presence of the microbial consortium with magnetite, uniform corrosion rates were 3.5 times higher (0.611 mm/year) than the sum of the corrosion rates promoted by the consortium and deposit separately (0.056 and 0.110 …

Magnetite (hematite) -apatite deposits are common in Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Fe–Cu–Au districts worldwide (e.g., Kiruna district, Sweden; Cloncurry district and Gawler Craton, Australia; Copiapo district, Chile; Mark and Foster, 2000, Williams et al., 2005).They are characterized by a mineral association of magnetite …

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We propose that the δ18O and δ⁵⁶Fe data for the Pea Ridge and Pilot Knob magnetite-apatite deposits are consistent with the flotation model recently proposed by Knipping et al. (2015a ...

The Magmatic to Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the El Laco Deposit (Chile) and Its Implications for the Genesis of Magnetite-Apatite Deposits. Econ. Geol 112, 1595–1628 (2017).

The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit in northern Chile are similar to basaltic lava flows and have compositions that overlap high- and low-temperature hydrothermal magnetite. Existing …

The long-standing controversy about the origin of magnetite-(apatite) mineral deposits pertains to how they form. The Pleistocene El Laco deposit in northern Chile is a critical location because the host andesite contains immiscible melt inclusions trapped in plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts that reveal the involvement of …

Magnetite-rich sand dunes are found in southern Peru. [44] In 2005, an exploration company, Cardero Resources, discovered a vast deposit of magnetite-bearing sand dunes in Peru. The dune field covers 250 square kilometers (100 sq mi), with the highest dune at over 2,000 meters (6,560 ft) above the desert floor. The sand contains …

Iron oxide–Cu–Au and IOA deposits constitute end-members of a diverse group of ore deposits which have been classified into the "IOCG clan" (Williams et al. 2005; Barton 2014).IOCG deposits s.s. are characterized by a high content of magnetite or hematite with variable concentrations of sulfides (pyrite and chalcopyrite) and where Cu …

Iron-rich melts, magmatic magnetite, and superheated hydrothermal systems: The El Laco deposit, Chile. Fernando Tornos; Francisco Velasco; John M. Hanchar. …

Magnetite is a mixed iron(II)/iron(III) oxide and its magnetism, hardness, density and catalytic properties combine to generate its importance.Massive deposits of magnetite were formed around 2 ...

This Review explores the hydrothermal, magmatic and tectonic conditions required to efficiently enrich iron-rich minerals in the upper crust. Iron oxide–apatite deposits can form from purely ...

The El Laco deposits comprise six massive, strata-bound magnetite bodies interbedded with andesitic lava flows, with only a few stratigraphically younger andesite units overlaying the deposits 9,29 .

Magnetite-apatite deposits are important sources of iron and other metals. A prominent example are the magnetite lavas at the El Laco volcano, Northern Chile. …

are mostly magnetite-rich deposits with abundant actinolite, minor hematite (martite), and apatite, and are mined for their iron ore. In the Chilean Iron Belt, these deposits were mostly Fig. 1 Map showing the location of the Cerro Negro Norte IOA deposit within the Coastal Cordillera of northern Chile. Other ore deposits from the

Some later studies focused on the magnetite-apatite ores at El Laco in the Atacama desert region of northern Chile, a much younger deposit, which is often considered a modern and shallow (i.e., Pliocene-Holocene) equivalent of the magnetite-apatite deposits found at Kiruna (e.g., Park 1961; Nyström and Henríquez 1994; …

The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide …

The origin of magnetite- (apatite) iron deposits (MtAp) is one of the most contentious issues in ore geology with competing models that range from hydrothermal to magmatic processes. Here we...

The deposit consists of fine- to medium- grained, unconsolidated red sediments, hosting heavy minerals. The deposit mineral assemblage is made up of non-valuable phases comprising mostly magnetite, hematite, chromite, monazite, and the valuable phases dominated by ilmenite (50.91 wt. %), with additional zircon and rutile (9.96 and 3.52 wt ...

Location of the El Laco magnetite-(apatite) deposit. a Regional location of El Laco deposit, Chile. RVA—recent volcanic arc. b Geological map of El Laco deposit with sample locations. UTM zone and band 19 K. a and b modified from Tornos, F., Velasco, F. & Hanchar, J. M. Iron-rich melts, magmatic magnetite, and superheated hydrothermal …

Magnetite-(apatite) ore deposits are interpreted as being formed by the crystallization of iron-rich ultrabasic melts, dominantly generated by the interaction of silicate melts with oxidized P-F-SO4-bearing sedimentary rocks. This hypothesis is supported by geologic evidence, experimental studies, numerical modeling, stable and radiogenic …

The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El Laco Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit, Chile: Implications for Ore Genesis Nikita L. La Cruz,1,2,† J. Tomás Ovalle,3,4 Adam C. Simon,1 Brian A. Konecke,1,5 Fernando Barra,3,4 Martin Reich,3,4 Mathieu Leisen,3,4 and Tristan M. Childress1 1Department of Earth and Environmental …

The geology and geochemistry of the El Laco iron oxide deposit (Central Andes, Chile) support a genesis related to the ascent, degassing, and subvolcanic emplacement of an unusual oxidized silica-poor but water-and iron-rich melt that took place during the growth of the host Pliocene-Holocene andesitic volcano.

Volume 79, December 2016, Pages 346-366. Immiscible iron- and silica-rich melts and magnetite geochemistry at the El Laco volcano (northern Chile): Evidence for a …

The Montecristo district, northern Chile, is one of the few places worldwide where there is a direct relationship between magnetite-(apatite) (MtAp) mineralization and iron oxide-copper–gold (IOCG) mineralization. The MtAp mineralization includes Ti-poor magnetite, fluorapatite, and actinolite and is crosscut and partially replaced by a …

The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit in northern Chile are ...

Highlights. Magnetite can be used as a tracer of the geological environment of ore formation and as a fingerprint of the source reservoir of iron. Chilean IOA deposits …

New contributions to the understanding of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits revealed by magnetite ore and gangue mineral geochemistry at the El Romeral deposit, Chile. Ore Geol. Rev. 93 ...

Tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite from orogenic gold deposits (n = 22) and glacial sediments (n = 5) of the Val-d'Or mining district (Québec, Canada) were investigated by Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in order to determine their chemical …

1024 Mineralium Deposita (2023) 58:1023 1049 1 3 the abundance of iron oxides and are associated with cal-cic-iron-alkali alteration. The largest deposit on Earth is the

Magnetite-apatite deposits are important sources of iron and other metals. A prominent example are the magnetite lavas at the El Laco volcano, Northern Chile. Their formation processes remain debated.

The principal commodities in the majority of HM sand mining operations are zircon and the titanium minerals (ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene); other heavy minerals, such as sillimanite, staurolite, garnet, monazite and xenotime, are sometimes recovered as co-products (Table 1).Other titanium minerals occur between the end members of ilmenite …

In this study, we present new textural and microanalytical EPMA and LA-ICP-MS data of magnetite from Carmen, Fresia, Mariela and El Romeral IOA deposits …