The most prevalent etiology of primary hypothyroidism is an iodine deficiency in iodine-deficient geographic areas worldwide. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the leading causes of hypothyroidism in the United States and the iodine-sufficient regions. ... Severe hypothyroidism may present as myxedema coma and is an …

Many people with iodine deficiency don't have symptoms. In other people, low iodine causes hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Symptoms of hypothyroidism include: severe tiredness and muscle weakness. unexpected weight gain. depression. thick puffy skin or puffiness of the face. difficulty concentrating. weak, slow heartbeat.

Because iodine is so critical in fetal development, severe deficiency may lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and birth defects. Causes and Risk Factors of Iodine Deficiency

Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can increase the chance of serious learning problems in the child. What can cause high levels of iodine in the body? High levels of iodine in the body can be caused by having a thyroid condition, taking a medication that has a high amount of iodine in it, or applying topical antiseptics that contain ...

Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with a greater incidence of stillbirths, abortions, and congenital abnormalities. The fetal brain is particularly vulnerable to iodine deficiency. Normal levels of thyroid hormones are required for neuronal migration and myelination of the central nervous system. The most severe form of ...

Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy is a known cause of cretinism and mental retardation. At present, there are limited data on the cognitive deficits of children born to mothers who are moderately iodine deficient in pregnancy. There is a need for well designed clinical trials investigating whether routine iodine supplementation of ...

In a landmark trial in an area of severe iodine deficiency in Papua New Guinea (114, 115), alternate families received saline (control) or iodized oil injection. The primary outcome was the prevalence of cretinism at 4- and 10-yr follow-up, with more sensitive diagnostic tests applied at the 10-yr follow-up. Iodine supplementation was ...

This can cause many problems. In pregnant women, severe iodine deficiency can permanently harm the fetus by causing stunted growth, intellectual disability, and delayed sexual development. Less severe iodine deficiency can cause lower-than-average IQ in infants and children and decrease adults' ability to work and think clearly.

Iodine deficiency is on the rise in the United States. In the United States iodine deficiency occurred at a rate of 2.6% between 1971-1994 and a rate of 11.8% from 1988 to 1999. Iodine deficient ...

When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with fetal hypothyroidism, mental impairment, and increased neonatal and infant mortality. In …

Severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis and/or thyroid enlargement (goiter). Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine...

Severe iodine deficiency is defined as a goiter prevalence greater than 30 % and/or a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of less than 20 μg/L in a given population or defined geographical area. The adaptive processes of the thyroid gland may be unable to compensate for this degree of iodine deficiency, leading to manifestations …

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Abstract. Iodine Deficiency Disorders are a major public health problem worldwide affecting all groups of people of which children and lactating women are the most vulnerable categories. At a global scale, aproximately 2 billion people suffer of iodine deficiency (ID) of which aproximately 50 million present with clinical manifestations.

Nutrients. 2022 Sep; 14 (17): 3474. Published online 2022 Aug 24. doi: 10.3390/nu14173474. PMCID: PMC9459956. PMID: 36079737. Iodine and Iodine …

When the physiological requirements for iodine are not met, a series of functional and developmental abnormalities occur, including thyroid function abnormalities. Severe iodine deficiency results in hypothyroidism, endemic goiter and cretinism, endemic mental retardation, decreased fertility, increased prenatal death, and infant mortality (1–4).

Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormone. Iodine deficiency can result in goitre, thyroid nodules, and hypothyroidism. The most severe consequence of iodine deficiency is cretinism (ie, restricted mental and physical development in utero and during childhood).

This report describes an adolescent with disordered eating presenting with growth and pubertal delay, found to have severe iodine deficiency (urine iodine of 18 mcg/L) and abnormal thyroid function resulting from strict avoidance of salt and animal products despite adequate caloric intake.

Background. Severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis and/or thyroid enlargement (goiter). Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency …

Severe iodine deficiency is also linked to intellectual development in early childhood in the absence of overt mental retardation. A 2005 meta-analysis of Chinese studies comparing intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in naturally iodine-sufficient areas to children living in severely iodine deficient areas found that the IQ of iodine ...

Severe Symptoms. When To See a Healthcare Provider. peakSTOCK / Getty Images. Iodine deficiency develops when a person has too little iodine in their system. …

Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and fetal neurodevelopment. Major dietary sources of iodine in the United States are dairy products and iodized salt. Potential consequences of iodine deficiency are goiter, hypo thyroidism, cretinism, and impaired cognitive development. Although iodine status in the United States is …

The thyroid clearance of iodine is around 10–20 mL/min, but it depends on chronic iodine consumption, ranging from 3 mL/min in cases of chronic overexposure to large amounts of iodine (more than 500 μg/day), to 100 mL/min in cases of severe iodine deficiency . Iodide uptake in the thyroid gland occurs through a specific carrier, the NIS.

In mild or moderate iodine deficiency, the thyroid gland, influenced by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), hypertrophies to concentrate iodide in itself, resulting in colloid goiter. Usually, patients remain euthyroid; however, severe iodine deficiency in adults may cause hypothyroidism (endemic myxedema). It can decrease fertility and increase ...

Key facts. Iodine is an element essential for normal growth and for the development of the brain. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disease, specifically …

Research has shown that severe iodine deficiency can stunt children's normal physical growth as well as harm normal mental development, resulting in lower intelligence quotients. Less is known about the consequences of mild or moderate deficiency. Too much iodine can also cause harm and have negative effects on …

Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy and neonatal period is associated with many major and irreversible adverse effects, including an increased risk of pregnancy loss and infant mortality, neonatal hypothyroidism, cretinism, and neuropsychomotor retardation. We will review the impact of severe iodine deficiency …

The researchers considered this finding to be of huge public health importance, since mild iodine deficiency impairs cognition in children and severe iodine deficiency reduces IQ by 10 to 15 points. Dr Mark Vanderpump, one of the authors of the research article on iodine states, 'One cup of milk contains about half the amount of iodine needed ...

Both insufficient and excess iodine can have negative effects on thyroid function. Individuals living in areas affected by severe iodine deficiency may have an intelligence quotient (IQ) up to 13.5 points below that of people from comparable communities where there is no iodine deficiency (Bleichrodt 1994).

Iodine deficiency is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a population median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) that falls below 100 μg/L, while a median UIC of 50–99 μg/L, 20-49 μg/L, and <20 μg/L indicates mild, moderate, and severe iodine deficiency, respectively (WHO 2007).

Severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis and/or thyroid enlargement (goiter). Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality, and mental retardation.